Nominal price index: Jan 1980 = 100

¹ Percentage change in nominal prices.
² Quarterly standard deviation (relative to the mean).

Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF); United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (Comtrade); United Nations Conference
on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); World Bank commodity price data; McKinsey Global Institute analysis

¹ Correlation coefficient, which ranges between –1 (perfect negative correlation) and +1 (perfect positive correlation).

Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF); United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (Comtrade); United Nations Conference
on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); World Bank commodity price data; McKinsey Global Institute analysis